Lesson (49)

[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
GRAMMAR
THE PASSIVE (1)
am/are/is
was/were
+ ed (past participle)
has/have been
will be
In passive, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence:
Active sentence:
Hermann
[subject] ate
ten cakes
[object].
Passive sentence:
Ten cakes
[subject] were eaten by
Hermann
[object].
Positive and negative
The television programmes are made here.
(present)
Milk is delivered twice a week.
(present)
Speaking in the library is forbidden.
(present)
My wallet was stolen.
(past)
They were surprised by the news.
(past)
We were not told about the news.
(past)
My house has been burgled.
(present perfect)
I have been fired!
(present perfect)
John hasn't been told about the news.
(present perfect)
Workers will be given more money
(will)
I will not be given more money.
(will)
Questions
Where is coffee produced?
(present)
Are students given cheaper tickets?
(present)
Was your team given a prize?
(past)
Why wasn't I told about the news?
(past)
Have I been fired again?
(present perfect)
1
 Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Why have I been fired?
(present perfect)
Will I be given more information?
(will)
We use passive:
1)
To emphasise one part of the sentence:
The president met the pope.
(active)
The pope was met by the president (passive the pope is more important)
2)
To express something in a more polite/formal way:
Send application letters to this address
(active)
Application letters should be sent to this address. (passive more polite/formal)
3)
When the action is more important than who does it:
Some men clean the streets every night.
(active)
The streets are cleaned every night.
(passive the action is more important)
4)
We don't know who did the action:
Someone has robbed my house!
(active)
My house has been robbed.
(passive I don't know who robbed me)
UWAGA
It is important to think about the 'agent' in passive sentences. The agent is the
person or thing who/which does the action. It usually written after
by:
The pope was met by the president.
(agent = the president. He met the pope)
I was given a present by my mother.
(agent = my mother. She gave me a present)
The winning goal was scored by Figo.
(agent = Figo. He scored the goal)
However, sometimes we do not mention the agent because:
We do not know who:
My house was burgled.
It's not important who:
The streets are cleaned each night.
The agent is obvious:
The criminal was sent to prison (by the judge!)
The agent is already mentioned:
His book was written in 1789 (by him!?)
2
 Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Practice 1
Make these active sentences passive using the rules above. Think whether an agent is
necessary or not:
1)
They grow a lot of coffee in Colombia.
.............................................................................................................
2)
Thomas Edison invented the lightbulb.
.............................................................................................................
3)
Have you repaired my washing machine yet?
.............................................................................................................
4)
We give money to people in poor countries.
.............................................................................................................
5)
Do you give each customer a free gift?
.............................................................................................................
6)
The American team won the 100m swimming race.
.............................................................................................................
7)
Many people gave me money when I got married.
.............................................................................................................
8)
Somebody has written graffiti on the wall.
.............................................................................................................
Practice 2
Do we need to know the agent in these passive sentences? Do they seem correct to you?
Decide if you can cross out the agent:
1)
The first question was asked by Hermann.
2)
The taxi was driven very quickly by the taxidriver.
3)
Speaking by anybody is forbidden in the university library.
4)
My house was painted by some painters last week.
5)
Hamlet
was written by Shakespeare.
6)
The play was written in 1604 by a writer.
3
 Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Revision: Second conditional
Complete these sentences in a suitable way:
1)
If I ............................ (
be
) you, I would apply for that job.
2)
If Hermann ............................. (
work
) harder, he ...................... (
get
) better results.
3)
John would play basketball if he ...................... (
be
) taller.
4)
If you ................... (
have
) a dog, what ............................. (
you
,
call
) him?
5)
I ......................... (
not, try
) to fix that machine If I were you.
VOCABULARY
PHRASAL VERBS
Practice 1
Choose one of these phrasal verbs to complete the sentences:
go away
take off
sit down
try on
look for
turn off
turn on
run out of
grow up
look forward to
break down
throw away
1)
I asked her to go on a date, but she told me to .............................
2)
We have .......................... sugar. Will you go to the shops?
3)
Children ....................... very quickly these days, don't they?
4)
I ....................... my clothes before I go to bed.
5)
I always ................................ to my holiday each summer.
6)
I've lost my keys. Will you help me to ......................... them.
7)
Could you ............................ the cooker. The soup is going to burn.
8)
If you don't put enough petrol in your car, it might .........................
9)
.............................. the lights. I can't see anything.
10)
I like these trousers. I'd like to ...................... them ................ to see if they fit.
11)
My legs were so tired that I had to ............................
12)
This cheese smells terrible. We should ...................... it ..................
4
 Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Vocabulary from the unit:
break down – zepsuć się
burgle włamywać się
fit pasować
go away odchodzić
grow up – dorastać, dojrzewać
invent wynajdować
look for – szukać
look forward to – oczekiwać, wypatrywać czegoś
run out – zużyć, wyczerpać
sit down – usiąść
take off – zdejmować
throw away – wyrzucać
try on przymierzać
turn off – wyłączyć
turn on włączyć
LESSO 17 – answer key
GRAMMAR
Practice 1
1.
They grow a lot of coffee in Colombia.
A lot of coffee is grown in Columbia.
2.
Thomas Edison invented the lightbulb.
The lightbulb was invented by Thomas Edison.
3.
Have you repaired my washing machine yet?
Has my washing machine been repaired yet?
4.
We give money to people in poor countries.
People in poor countries are given money by us.
5.
Do you give each customer a free gift?
Is each customer given a gift?
5
  [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]