Lesson (121)

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Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
I.
Read the texts and do the exercises below. Przeczytaj teksty i wykonaj ćwiczenia
1.
Match the words from the texts with their translation. Połącz wyrazy wyróżnione
w tekstach z ich tłumaczeniem
Embryos
Strumienie
Prevent
Cukrzyca
Hereditary
Błędny
Defective
Padaczka
Faulty
Zapłodnione
Epilepsy
Zwalczyć
Diabetes
Embriony
ucleus
Topnieć
Fertilized
Jądro
Deposit
Dawca
Donor
Rozszerzać się
Intact
Dziedziczyć
Offspring
Składować
Inherit
Dowolny
flight’
Lodowiec
Random
Uciekać
Estimate
Zapobiec
Expand
Oceniać
Poles
Dziedziczny
Streams
Młode
Melt
Uszkodzony
Iceberg
Nietknięty
Rapidly
Szybko
Combat
Bieguny
2.
Read the first text again. Put the fragments below back to the first text.
Przeczytaj ponownie pierwszy text. Wstaw poniższe fragment w odpowiednie
miejsca w pierwszym tekście
a.
including
epilepsy
and
diabetes
b.
so the
offspring
would only
inherit
the characteristics of two people
c.
the scientists used normal embryos
d.
two women and one man
e.
which comes exclusively from the mother
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
THREE PARET BABIES
Gene therapy could cure hereditary diseases
Scientists at Newcastle University have succeeded in creating human
embryos
with DNA
from three different parents –
1
....... The achievement, they say, could potentially
prevent
a
whole range of
hereditary
diseases.
The project has been aimed at preventing the transfer of
defective
mitochondrial DNA onto
children,
2......
. Mitochondria are the powerhouses within a cell and
faulty
mitochondrial
DNA can lead to around 50 known hereditary diseases,
3......
..
In their research,
4......
. with the genetic material from one woman and one man that
contained defective mitochondrial DNA from the mother. In the embryo, the mitochondrial
DNA is the only genetic material not contained within the
nucleus
, meaning that the team
could extract the nucleus from the
fertilized
embryo and
deposit
it into an emptied
donor
egg.
The new embryo then develops with the genetic material from its original mother and father
almost completely
intact
, but with the healthy mitochondrial DNA of a different woman.
Experiments in mice have shown that the DNA that controls an individual’s appearance is not
contained in the mitochondria,
5......
. – the man and the woman who are the source of the
nucleic DNA.
The Newcastle team only had permission to carry out lab experiments and the embryos were
destroyed after within six days. But it’s hoped a ‘mitochondria transplant’ could be offered as
a genetic treatment sometime in the future.
Focus 06/02/2008
3.
Read the second text again and put the words in brackets in the correct form.
Przeczytaj ponownie drugi tekst i wstaw wyrazy podane w nawiasach w
odpowiedniej formie.
SLOW E
MOTIO
Time slows down during scary situations
Extreme sports
1
.............................
(enthusiastic)
are living longer through a trick of the
mind. Brains don’t work faster during
2
...............................
(emotion)
events, but frightening
situations are probably remembered better, making it seem like they last longer.
People often report that time moves more slowly when their life is
3
............................
(threat)
,
say US neuroscientists. In these situations the ‘fight or
flight’
hormone adrenaline courses
through the body, making it more
4
..................................
(response)
. If adrenaline also affects
the brain, this could make it better at telling the time.
The researchers tested the theory by dropping volunteers from a high tower, providing 31
frightening metres of freefall (10 metres per second). Each wore a watch flashing digits just
slow enough to read. During the fall, the
random
numbers were flashed six milliseconds
quicker. Although volunteers couldn’t read the
5
..............................
(slight)
faster flashes, they
still
estimated
that their falls lasted 36 per cent longer than those of others.
Focus 12/12/2007
 Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
4.
Read the third text again and choose the best answer to fill each gap. Przeczytaj
ponownie trzeci text i wybierz właściwe odpowiedzi uzupełniające luki
HOLIDAY AT HOME
Global warming widens tropical belt
A team of US climatologists warn that global warming is
expanding
the tropical belt towards
the
poles
. Studying satellite data, they tracked several atmospheric markers, such
1
..... jet
streams
and storms. All markers point to a widening of the tropical belt and, worse, it’s
happening
2
.... faster than predicted by computer models.
The US is already being hit by frequent tropical storms, but this is just the
3
.... of the (
rapidly
melting
)
iceberg
. Poorer countries, many of
4
.... lie in the tropics, may not be able to adapt
rapidly
5
.... to
combat
the effects of climate change.
Focus 05/12/2007
1.
a.
like
b.
as
c.
so
2.
a.
lot
b.
more
c.
much
3.
a.
top
b.
tip
c.
snow
4.
a.
which
b.
them
c.
whom
5.
a.
too
b.
so
c.
enough
II.
Inversion 2
Inversion is obligatory after certain phrases:
Structure:
phrase + operator + subject + verb
Phrases with negative meaning e.g.
Nowhere
owhere else in Europe will you find poisonous snakes
Never
ever in my life would I merry him
Not a word
ot a word did he say all evening
Not a soul
ot a soul did he meet in the pub
Not until
ot until I got home did I realise that I had forgotten my umbrella
Not only
ot only was she stupid but also ugly
On no account
On no account can you open this door
Under no circumstances
Under no circumstances are you allowed to leave
In none
In none of his plays did Shakespeare give vent to anger as in Othello
Other phrases e.g.
Little
Little did I think that she would get married
Such...that
Such was the noise that we couldn’t sleep
Only later/after/if
Only if he apologises will we cooperate
Rarely/seldom
Rarely does it happen that he is wrong
So...that
So nice was the weather that we went out
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
To such an extent
To such an extent did he irritate her that she killed him
With every justification
With every justification is she called a fool
1.
Rewrithe the sentences using inversion. Przepisz zdania stosując inwersję
1.
The soap opera was so popular, that the streets were deserted whenever it was on.
Such………………………………………………………………………………..
2.
She adored John so much, that she would not give him up.
So………………………………………………………………………………..
3.
The soap opera was so exciting, that I forgot to do my English homework.
So………………………………………………………………………………..
4.
It is rare that a movie makes you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time.
Rarely………………………………………………………………………………..
5.
I didn’t know what I had got myself into until then
Only………………………………………………………………………………...
6.
You shouldn’t be absent from your seminars on any account.
On………………………………………………………………………………..
7.
I didn’t realise that I'd seen it before until the film started.
Only………………………………………………………………………………..
8.
Susan hadn’t seen a more beautifully decorated room anywhere.
Nowhere………………………………………………………………………………..
9.
I will not have a holiday until January.
Not………………………………………………………………………………..
10.
She doesn’t rally know what surprises we have in store for her.
Little………………………………………………………………………………..
11.
I didn’t really know that he was a compulsive liar
Little………………………………………………………………………………...
Key
I.
1.
Embryos
Embriony
Prevent
Zapobiec
Hereditary
Dziedziczny
Defective
Uszkodzony
Faulty
Błędny
Epilepsy
Padaczka
Diabetes
Cukrzyca
ucleus
Jądro
Fertilized
Zapłodnione
 Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Deposit
Składować
Donor
Dawca
Intact
Nietknięty
Offspring
Młode
Inherit
Dziedziczyć
flight’
Uciekać
Random
Dowolny
Estimate
Oceniać
Expand
Rozszerzać się
Poles
Bieguny
Streams
Strumienie
Melt
Topnieć
Iceberg
Lodowiec
Rapidly
Szybko
Combat
Zwalczyć
2.
1.
d
2.
e
3.
a
4.
c
5.
b
3.
1.
enthusiasts
2.
emotional
3.
threatened
4.
responsive
5.
slightly
4.
1.
b
2.
c
3.
b
4.
a
5.
c
II.
1.
1.
Such was the popularity of the soap opera, that the streets were deserted whenever it
was on.
2.
So much did she adore John, that she would not give him up.
3.
So exciting was the soap opera, that I forgot to do my English homework.
4.
Rarely does a movie make you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time."
5.
Only then did I know what I had got myself into.
6.
On no account should you be absent from your seminars.
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